{"id":27690,"date":"2022-10-28T13:11:58","date_gmt":"2022-10-28T11:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=27690"},"modified":"2024-07-16T09:48:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T07:48:50","slug":"metaverse-blog-5-data-privacy-in-the-metaverse","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/en\/arqis-blog\/metaverse-blog-5-datenschutz-im-metaverse\/","title":{"rendered":"Metaverse Blog-Serie: Nr. 5 \u2013 Datenschutz im Metaverse"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"header-block_f36becb98cf1d10ff888a1a33628ff84\" class=\"header-block is-style-small image-article\">\n    <section id=\"header\">\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row position-relative\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 main-head scrollreveal\">\n                                            <div class=\"topline\">\n                            Metaverse Blog Series: No. 5                        <\/div>\n                                        <h1 class=\"title\">Data Privacy in the Metaverse<\/h1>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"subnav\">\n                                            <div class=\"group-leader-image filter-none\">\n                            <style>\n\n                                .group-leader-image .d-desktop,\n                                .group-leader-image .d-tablet,\n                                .group-leader-image .d-mobile {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                                @media(max-width: 767px) {\n                                    .group-leader-image .d-mobile {\n                                        display: block;\n                                    }\n                                }\n                                @media(min-width: 1200px) {\n                                    .group-leader-image .d-desktop {\n                                        display: block;\n                                    }\n                                }\n                                @media(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1199px) {\n                                    .group-leader-image .d-tablet {\n                                        display: block;\n                                    }\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                          <div class=\"d-desktop filter-none\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DALL\u00b7E-2022-10-28-11.04.08-aspect-ratio-440-349.png);\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"d-tablet filter-none\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DALL\u00b7E-2022-10-28-11.04.08-aspect-ratio-440-349.png);\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"d-mobile filter-none\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/DALL\u00b7E-2022-10-28-11.04.08-aspect-ratio-440-349.png);\"><\/div>\n\n                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"navpoints\">\n                        <div class=\"header\"><a href=\"#header\">Data Privacy in the Metaverse<\/a><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"content\">Themen<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"contents\">\n\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <section class=\"share-links\">\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"col-12\">\n                    <div class=\"d-inline-block share-text\"><!--<span><i class=\"fas fa-share-alt\"><\/i><\/span>-->Teilen:<\/div>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqis.com%2Fen%2Farqis-blog%2Fmetaverse-blog-5-datenschutz-im-metaverse%2F\" class=\"d-inline-block p-2\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href, 'mywin', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0'); return false;\"><i class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i><\/a>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/intent\/post?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqis.com%2Fen%2Farqis-blog%2Fmetaverse-blog-5-datenschutz-im-metaverse%2F\" class=\"d-inline-block p-2\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href, 'mywin', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0'); return false;\"><i class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i><\/a>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqis.com%2Fen%2Farqis-blog%2Fmetaverse-blog-5-datenschutz-im-metaverse%2F\" class=\"d-inline-block p-2\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href, 'mywin', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0'); return false;\"><i class=\"fab fa-linkedin-in\"><\/i><\/a>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xing.com\/spi\/shares\/new?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqis.com%2Fen%2Farqis-blog%2Fmetaverse-blog-5-datenschutz-im-metaverse%2F\" class=\"d-inline-block p-2\" onclick=\"window.open(this.href, 'mywin', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0'); return false;\"><i class=\"fab fa-xing\"><\/i><\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>    <\/section>\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"container\">\n\n            <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 offset-lg-1 col-lg-6\">\n                    <h3>\n                        28. October 2022                    <\/h3>\n                                                                <div class=\"description\"><p>The metaverse is creating new access points that connect our physical and digital worlds. Each of these access points provides opportunities for innovation and new types of customer experiences, but also presents potential risks. However, privacy risks will not be limited to the digital world but will have serious consequences in the physical world as well. The interconnection of countless devices is creating a risk that is growing exponentially and reaching unprecedented dimensions.<\/p>\n<p>In our previous posts, after an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/news\/metaverse-blog-serie-nr-1-einfuehrung\/\">introduction,<\/a>\u00a0we presented the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/news\/metaverse-blog-serie-nr-2-die-technik\/\">technology behind the metaverse<\/a>\u00a0as well as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/news\/metaverse-blog-serie-nr-3-der-markt\/\">different providers<\/a>\u00a0and we had a look at their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/news\/metaverse-blog-serie-nr-4-welches-recht-gilt-im-metaverse\/\">terms of use.<\/a>\u00a0Now we would like to focus on some data privacy aspects of the metaverse. Most privacy issues are not exclusive to the metaverse. Many of the issues we know from web 2.0 are will also be present in the metaverse as web 3.0 in a new guise. However, this will raise completely new questions and problems. It is still unclear in detail in which direction the metaverse will develop in the future. What is certain, nevertheless, is that data privacy will play a decisive role. In any case, one thing already appears to be clear: The problems to be solved in terms of data privacy law are as diverse as the providers and their terms of use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"txt01-block_31eed5277a4196f88b29001fd2bc73b4\" class=\"txt01 is-style-small zierelement-none acf\/txt01\" >\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"container position-relative\">\n\n                            <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                    <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                                                    <div class=\"topline\">\n                                I. PERSONAL DATA IN THE METAVERSE                            <\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                    <p><strong>1. Types of personal data in the metaverse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The GDPR only applies to personal data. Personal data is any information that allows the identification of a natural person. In web 2.0, such data are mostly IP addresses, usernames and email addresses. This data will also be processed in the metaverse. But due to the additional devices used to connect to the metaverse (e.g., VR applications) additional personal data will be processed. Such data will be in particular physical activities of the user, e.g., to control the avatar or to have it appear more alive. This extends from simple motion sequences and body and hand posture to facial expression and gaze capture. The Quest Pro presented by Meta on October 11 2022, shows that this is no vision of the far future. The Quest Pro headset has body, facial expression and gaze detection installed. According to Meta, this should make avatars seem more alive and allows for new ways of interaction. This data, at the same time, makes it possible to process biometric data in the VR headset in accordance with Art. 9 of the GDPR. The GDPR places very strict requirements in this regard. For providers such as Meta, processing of this data will therefore only be possible on the basis of consent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. The principal of data minimisation in the metaverse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A basic principle of data privacy law is data minimisation. Only data that is necessary in relation to the purpose for which it is processed, may be processed. This principle will gain particular importance in the metaverse due to the sheer amount of data that will be generated in the metaverse. Is the full capture of all movement, facial expressions, and eyes necessary for the metaverse to work as desired? At least nowadays, avatars have not yet reached a resolution that would make it necessary to capture every single facial expression and have it displayed by the avatar. Furthermore, at least the users should ask themselves whether it is necessary to have every body movement captured by the avatar.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"txt01-block_bc981f0d8aa387ec5268cd2ed658fe3f\" class=\"txt01 is-style-small zierelement-none acf\/txt01\" >\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"container position-relative\">\n\n                            <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                    <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                                                    <div class=\"topline\">\n                                II. APPLICABLE LAW                            <\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                    <p>Like in our previous article, one asks himself what (data privacy) laws are applicable in the metaverse? Is the GDPR also applicable in the metaverse?<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Application of the GDPR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The GDPR is technology-neutral and can therefore also be applied without restrictions to the metaverse. But the GDPR requires a certain connection to the European Union (Article 3 GDPR).<\/p>\n<p>Such a connection results either from an establishment in the Union, the offering of goods and services or the monitoring of the behaviour of persons in the Union. In the case of companies that are established in the EU such as Meta, the GDPR will therefore be easily applicable. More interesting, however, well be the application of GDPR to decentralized services such as Decentraland. Decentraland is based on a DAO, a Decentralized Autonomous Organization. The DAO is a group of owners of certain NFTs who collectively have the power to make decisions about the DAO. A DAO does not have a registered office, branch or agent. Nevertheless, like any other website, Decentraland records the interactions in Decentraland. Using this as a basis, it analyses the usage of the website and helps to personalise the site and tools. Due to the behavioural monitoring of users from the EU that this involves, the GDPR should therefore also be applicable.\u00a0<em>Decentraland.<\/em>\u00a0Decentraland basiert auf einer DAO, also einer Decentralized Autonomous Organization. Dies ist eine Gruppe von Inhabern bestimmter NFTs, die gemeinschaftlich die Entscheidungsgewalt \u00fcber die DAO haben. Eine DAO hat keinen Sitz, Niederlassung oder Vertreter. Allerdings erfasst\u00a0<em>Decentraland<\/em>\u00a0wie jede andere Website auch die Interaktionen im Decentraland. Auf Basis dessen analysiert es die Nutzung der Seite und hilft bei der Personalisierung der Seite und Tools. Aufgrund der damit einhergehenden Verhaltensbeobachtung von Nutzern aus der EU d\u00fcrfte ebenfalls die DSGVO daher anwendbar sein.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Conflicting laws<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If other privacy laws (e.g., the California CPPA) are applicable besides the GDPR, conflicts between these regulations and the legal systems behind them will arise. Already nowadays, such conflicts are highly controversial, as the data protection laws are mandatory law and do not account for a conflict between different data protection laws. Choice of law is therefore not an option. In web 2.0, differences between privacy laws are currently either ignored entirely (often by non-EU based controllers) or special provisions are included in the terms of use and the privacy policies for different jurisdictions. Whether this will change in the coming years remains to be seen. A solution through, e.g., international agreements is not in sight.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"txt01-block_c635f8d6eb94555232a0cc1980a7ee97\" class=\"txt01 is-style-small zierelement-none acf\/txt01\" >\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"container position-relative\">\n\n                            <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                    <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                                                    <div class=\"topline\">\n                                III. THE DATA CONTROLLER                            <\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                    <p>The GDPR is known by many for its distinctive information obligations. These and other obligations affect the so-called data controller. The previous question of the application of the GDPR is also related to the concept of the data controller. This is therefore a key term of the GDPR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Data controllers in the metaverse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The controller is the person who determines the purposes and means of the data processing. In other words: Who has the power to decide on the how, whether, why and to what extent data is being processed. The controller is the main point of contact for the data subject as this \u201cperson\u201d takes responsibility for the processing of personal data and must ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject. In web 2.0, this is typically the company running a website or online service. For example, Google decides what personal data is collected on YouTube and for what purposes, and how long it is stored.<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At first, it appears that the concept of a controller would contradict the main principle of the metaverse \u201cno one controls the metaverse\u201d which was already mentioned in the last part of our series. \n<br>\nYet any processing of personal data will be carried out by a controller. Therefore, there will be controllers in web 3.0 as well: If there is a provider like Meta, the company running the platform determines the purposes of the processing like in web 2.0 and will be the controller. In case of a service like Decentraland, this seems to be problematic because of the DAO. However, the term \u201cdata controller\u201d in European data protection law is not tied to a specific legal form. A DAO can, therefore, also be the controller regardless of its unclear legal classification.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Joint control<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On a metaverse platform, companies and artists who have already established a digital presence and sell items of their trademarks or offer corresponding \u201cbrand experiences\u201d may be jointly responsible along with the operator of the platform. Such joint control occurs when multiple individuals jointly hold the power to make decisions on the purposes and means of the data processing. Facebook fan pages are a prominent example for joint control: On such fan pages Meta processes the visitor\u2019s information and provides aggregated statistics to the company running the fan page. Although the company itself cannot see the individual data of a specific user, it provides the content for the fan page and is therefore enables visitors to visit the fan page.<br \/>\nAppearances of companies and artists in the metaverse can therefore, depending on their characteristics, be called \u201cmetaverse fan pages\u201d and lead to a joint control. It would be conceivable that the reactions of users to the offers of companies (e.g., in terms of facial expressions) and the demographic data of the visitors could be processed by the provider of the platform and then be made available to the offering company in bundled form. This would allow a much more detailed evaluation of the visitors.<\/p>\n<p>The legal consequence of joint controllership is, in particular, the obligation to be jointly liable for data privacy violations. For established companies, joint liability will be in particular harmful where the other party held liable is, e.g., a DAO. In such cases, the company which is easier \u201caccessible\u201d by the data subject will be held liable, the established company. Although one could then take recourse with the other joint controller, taking recourse with a DAO will be difficult.<\/p>\n<p>Besides this, there could also be constellations where more than two parties are joint controllers. In a digital department store, for example, the operator of the platform and the respective store owner could be joined by the operator of the department store, who would then all be collectively responsible for the data processing.<\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"txt01-block_2fcd367d0fd79a5b3f10b19f411fea87\" class=\"txt01 is-style-medium zierelement-none acf\/txt01\" >\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"container position-relative\">\n\n                            <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                    <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                                                    <div class=\"topline\">\n                                IV. PROBLEMS WITHOUT A SOLUTION?                            <\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"row scrollreveal\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8 offset-lg-1\">\n                    <p>Overall, the metaverse will make the data protection problems of web 2.0 more complex. Therefore, It remains to be seen how providers and the data protection authorities will deal with the issue of data privacy in the future. The driving forces will undoubtedly be authorities and the companies that want to offer their products in the metaverse. Without a data privacy-compliant metaverse, they will hesitate to join due to the possible exposure to major liability risks of up to 20 million euros or 4% of global annual sales.<\/p>\n<p>Our journey through the Metaverse continues.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Author:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arqis.com\/en\/team\/daniel-schlemann-ll-m\/\">Daniel Schlemann<\/a><\/p>\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"cta07-block_5bdd7d5df5a01053dc865d95157d079b\" class=\"cta07 is-style-small acf\/cta07\" >\n    <section class=\"scrollreveal\">\n        <div class=\"container\">\n            <div class=\"row\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-md-7\">\n                                            <h2 class=\"title hyphens\">How can we support you?<\/h2>\n                                        <div class=\"cta-description\">\n                        <p>If you have any questions, please feel free to mail us.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-md-5 cta-align-down\">\n                                            <a href=\"mailto:datalaw@arqis.com\" class=\"button button--ghost\">Contact us<\/a>                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"parent":0,"template":"","blogs":[318],"class_list":["post-27690","blog","type-blog","status-publish","hentry","blogs-metaverse"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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